![]() ![]() ![]() Ideally impact assessment will be an integrated treatment of the likely impacts on any of the facets of the natural and human-modified environment, including people, communities and their wellbeing. The concept of “environment” in impact assessment evolved from an initial focus on the biophysical components to a wider definition, including the physical-chemical, biological, visual, cultural, socio-economic and health components of the total environment. ![]() Environmental and social justice, and distributional considerations, are important guiding principles of impact assessment. Although impact assessment has been criticised since its introduction for being a technocratic tool, based on rational decision-making models, contemporary guidelines and principles for IA practice tend to emphasise a participatory, inclusive approach, which recognises different types of knowledge, and the importance of representing the views of different groups in society, regardless of their economic and political status. The process of IA benefits proponents, stakeholders and local communities, and decision-makers.
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